Even the cognoscenti who have been involved with Toy dogs for many years will agree that there is only a small amount of information on this rare breed. Though known from about the year 1600, very little historical material on the Affenpinscher exists. What is known, as the roots of the name reveal, is that the breed was developed in Germany where, at a time when it was larger in size than is now preferred, these dogs were used as ratters in stables and on farms. Most were 12-14 inches/30-35 cm in height, and black, reddish black, or salt and pepper in color.

Smaller sized dogs were preferred by some and these were bred as mousers for use in the home. Old sources say that it was a man living near Lubeck, Germany, who first concentrated on producing a distinct, small breed. At the same time, others were breeding a larger dog used to kill rats. Most canine historians believe that these dogs were the predecessors of the breed now known as the Miniature Schnauzer.

The Scbosbunderassen (which loosely means pet dog) with their monkeylike expression, naturally clean nature, minimum of coat care, and intelligent behavior, quickly worked their way into the hearts of early breeders. The Dutch Pug, then immensely popular, was infused into the early blood of these dogs, as was the smooth-haired German Pinscher and another breed referred to is the German Silky Pinscher. These crosses are the root of the great variety in colors.

Some paintings by Old Masters depict a small, rough-coated, bearded dog which seems likely to be an early example of the Affenpinscher.

TEMPERAMENT
These dogs are normally quiet, inquisitive and non-argumentative, although they will fiercely defend their owners and homes from the largest transgressor.

HEALTH MATTERS
Serious health matters do not seem to trouble the Affenpinscher. However, it is a Toy dog, so care must be taken with its fine bones. It should be prevented from jumping off furniture as this can lead to broken bones. Its coat must be kept tidy and clean to forestall skin problems. Similarly, its face and eyes should be checked daily and washed and cleaned if necessary. This is because the coat on the head is profuse and may interfere with the Affenpinscher's eyesight if not attended to.

SPECIAL CARE AND TRAINING
The Affenpinscher needs no more special attention than -,my small dog. Obedience training, like walking to heel and coming when called, is best started at an early age.

ADAPTABILITY
The breed went through a period of greatly diminished popularity but continued to hold a core of devoted fanciers. Some Superior specimens in the show ring have attracted a recent rebirth of interest in the breed, and more are now being seen. its ease of care, quick to learn attitude and ability to charm swiftly those in its company are certain to assure the Affenpinscher a new wave of devotees.

ESSENTIALS OF THE BREED
Today's Affenpinscher is about 10 1/4 inches/ 26 cm high, with a harsh, dense coat which should look neat but shaggy. Black or black with gray shading are the most dominant colors and, generally, the most desired. Black- and-tan, silver-gray, red and mixtures of these are also found. The signature of the breed is its monkeylike expression which is attained through a combination of its small head with broad brow and the shaggy, standoff coat on its head, neck, and shoulders. The ears - small, high set and carried erect if cropped - complete the picture.

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